This means there are eight main blood types in the ABO/Rh blood group system. Understanding ABO and Rhesusĭoctors need to take into account both ABO and Rh when considering blood types. If the red blood cells contain the RhD antigen, they are RhD positive. Some red blood cells have Rh factor, also known as the RhD antigen. Since these antigens are not present, a person with any ABO blood type can receive this type of blood. Group O: The plasma contains both anti-A and anti-B antibodies, but the surface of the red blood cells does not contain any A or B antigens. Individuals with type AB can receive any ABO blood type. Group AB: The red blood cells have both A and B antigens, but the plasma does not contain anti-A or anti-B antibodies. Anti-A antibody would attack blood cells that contain A antigen. Group B: The surface of the red blood cells contains B antigen, and the plasma has anti-A antibody. Anti-B antibody would attack blood cells that contain B antigen. Group A: The surface of the red blood cells contains A antigen, and the plasma has anti-B antibody. They use the ABO system alongside the RhD antigen status to determine which blood type or types will match for a safe red blood cell transfusion. The ABO blood group system classifies blood types according to the different types of antigens in the red blood cells and antibodies in the plasma. This can cause a severe and possibly life-threatening reaction. This is why it is essential to match blood types when a person needs a transfusion.Īccording to the American Red Cross, If a person receives red blood cells with antigens that are not already present in their system, their body will reject and attack the new red blood cells. These antibodies will target an antigen if they consider it a foreign object. Scientists use two types of antigens to classify blood types:Īntigens and antibodies play a role in the immune system’s defense mechanism.
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